Jacaranda Science Quest 8 for Western Australia (learnON & Print)

Part of the series Science Quest for Western Australia.

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Jacaranda Science Quest For the Western Australian Curriculum

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Table of Contents

About this resource .vii

Acknowledgements xv

Biological Sciences

1 Cells 1

1.1 Overview 2

1.2 A whole new world 4

1.3 Focusing on a small world 10

1.4 Form and function - cell make-up 18

1.5 Zooming in on life 26

1.6 Focus on animal cells 32

1.7 Focus on plant cells 36

1.8 Plant cells - holding, carrying and guarding 40

1.9 Review 50

2 Systems 55

2.1 Overview 56

2.2 Circulatory system - blood highways 57

2.3 Respiratory system - breathe in, breathe out 69

2.4 Same job, different path 80

2.5 Sexual reproduction in flowering plants 87

2.6 Comparing reproductive strategies in animals 96

2.7 Human reproduction 103

2.8 Review 109

Chemical Sciences

3 Elements, compounds and mixtures 115

3.1 Overview 116

3.2 It’s elementary 119

3.3 Elements - the inside story 124

3.4 Types of elements and the periodic table 131

3.5 Compounding the situation 143

3.6 Review 156

4 Chemical change 161

4.1 Overview 162

4.2 Physical and chemical changes 164

4.3 Chemical reactions 171

4.4 Corrosion - a slow chemical change 177

4.5 Combustion - a fast chemical change 183

4.6 Indicators of chemical change in our everyday world 188

4.7 Plastics and fibres 195

4.8 Recycling 199

4.9 Making use of properties - identifying some mystery powders 206

4.10 Review 210

Earth and Space Sciences

5 Dynamic Earth 215

5.1 Overview 216

5.2 Earth’s dynamic layers 218

5.3 The theory of plate tectonics 224

5.4 Plate boundaries 231

5.5 Folding and faulting 238

5.6 Earthquakes 244

5.7 Volcanoes 254

5.8 Human response to tectonic events 263

5.9 Review 270

6 Rocks 275

6.1 Overview 276

6.2 Minerals 278

6.3 Mining for minerals 284

6.4 Igneous - the ‘hot’ rocks 289

6.5 Sedimentary - the ‘deposited’ rocks 298

6.6 Metamorphic - the ‘changed’ rocks 305

6.7 The rock cycle 310

6.8 Rock knowledge 316

6.9 Fossils 321

6.10 Review 332

7 Precious resources 337

7.1 Overview 338

7.2 Earth’s mineral resources 339

7.3 Fossil fuels 348

7.4 Renewable energy 356

7.5 Mining and the environment 364

7.6 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples’ use of resources 371

7.7 Review 376

Physical Sciences

8 Energy 379

8.1 Overview 380

8.2 Different forms of energy 382

8.3 Energy transfer - conduction, convection and radiation 392

8.4 Energy transformations and efficiency 396

8.5 Review 417

9 Heat 421

9.1 Overview 422

9.2 Conduction - Heat transfer in solids 424

9.3 Convection - Heat transfer in liquids and gases 433

9.4 Radiation - Heat transfer without particles 441

9.5 Working together - Combined heat transfer in real systems 449

9.6 Review 460

10 Electrical circuits 463

10.1 Overview 464

10.2 Electrical current, voltage and resistance 466

10.3 Series and parallel circuits 469

10.4 Controlling electrical devices 483

10.5 Household electricity 487

10.6 Review 493

Discovering Science

11 Discovering science: The inquiry process 497

11.1 Overview 498

11.2 Observing 500

11.3 Measuring and reading scales 505

11.4 Questioning and predicting 508

11.5 Controlled, dependent and independent variables 513

11.6 Writing an aim and forming a hypothesis 515

11.7 Planning investigations 517

11.8 Conducting investigations 523

11.9 Organising data 528

11.10 Creating a simple column or bar graph 538

11.11 Drawing a line graph 542

11.12 Constructing a pie chart 545

11.13 Using a spreadsheet 548

11.14 Problem solving 553

11.15 Review 558

Glossary 563

Index 576