Jacaranda Humanities and Social Sciences 8 for Western Australia Third Edition (learnON & Print)

Part of the series Jacaranda Humanities and Social Sciences for Western Australia.

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Jacaranda Humanities And Social Sciences 8 For Western Australia | Third Edition

Developed by expert Australian teachers for ALL students.

Every lesson in the new Jacaranda Humanities and Social Sciences series has been carefully designed to support teachers and to help students by sparking curiosity and engagement through discussion and HASS skills activities.

Because both what and how students learn matter.

Learning is personal
Students: Access lessons tailored to your needs, with interactive content and support to help you progress confidently.
Teachers: Deliver engaging, differentiated lessons with built-in scaffolding and tools to support every learner.

Learning is effortful
Students: Challenge yourself, build confidence, and grow through purposeful practice on Australia’s leading platform.
Teachers: Encourage persistence with tasks that develop resilience and drive meaningful learning outcomes.

Learning is rewarding
Students: See your progress in real time, recognise your strengths, and focus on where to improve.
Teachers: Use rich analytics to track growth and target support exactly where and when it’s needed.

Table of Contents

Meet our author team vi

About This Resource ix

Acknowledgements xvi

SkillBuilder summary

Hass Concepts and Skills

1 HASS concepts and skills 1

1.1 Overview 2

1.2 Key concepts and skills in HASS 4

1.3 SkillBuilder: Identifying what you need to know 10

1.4 SkillBuilder: Collecting, recording and organising information 15

1.5 SkillBuilder: Selecting relevant information 22

1.6 SkillBuilder: Identifying patterns and relationships 27

1.7 SkillBuilder: Translating information 35

1.8 SkillBuilder: Forming conclusions 39

1.9 SkillBuilder: Evaluating the impact of a decision 43

1.10 SkillBuilder: Representing information in oral presentations 46

1.11 SkillBuilder: Developing effective texts through argument paragraphs 50

1.12 SkillBuilder: Reflecting on your learning 53

1.13 Review 56

Civics and Citizenship

2 Civics and Citizenship concepts and skills 59

2.1 Overview 60

2.2 Civics and Citizenship concepts and skills 62

2.3 SkillBuilder: Using the deconstructreconstruct method 68

2.4 SkillBuilder: Developing argument paragraphs 70

2.5 SkillBuilder: Writing and conducting a survey 74

2.6 SkillBuilder: Delivering an oral presentation 78

2.7 Review 81

3 Freedom and democracy 85

3.1 Overview 86

3.2 Our democratic rights and freedoms 88

3.3 How we form a government 92

3.4 How citizens participate in Australia’s democracy 99

3.5 Inquiry: Does Australia need a bill of rights? 103

3.6 Review 105

4 Law and order 109

4.1 Overview 110

4.2 Statutes: Making laws through parliament 112

4.3 Common law: Making law through the courts 115

4.4 Types of law: Criminal and civil law 120

4.5 Customary law in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities 124

4.6 Young people and the law 129

4.7 Inquiry: Western Australian court case investigation 134

4.8 Review 136

Economics and Business

5 Economics and Business concepts and skills 141

5.1 Overview 142

5.2 Economics and Business concepts and skills 144

5.3 SkillBuilder: Investigating 150

5.4 SkillBuilder: Interpreting and explaining supply and demand graphs 151

5.5 SkillBuilder: Evaluating using a cost-benefit analysis 153

5.6 SkillBuilder: Writing a business pitch 155

5.7 Review 157

6 Australia’s mixed market economy 161

6.1 Overview 162

6.2 The key economic questions 164

6.3 Demand and supply in the market 169

6.4 The Australian taxation system 172

6.5 The role of the government in the economy 178

6.6 Inquiry: How would you tax the Australian public? 183

6.7 Review 184

7 Work and financial decision-making 187

7.1 Overview 188

7.2 Why people work and how they earn money 190

7.3 Factors that influence consumer and financial decisions 198

7.4 Budgeting for financial goals 203

7.5 Rights and responsibilities of consumers and businesses 209

7.6 Inquiry: Consumer and financial decision-making 216

7.7 Review 218

Geography

8 Geographical concepts and skills 223

8.1 Overview 224

8.2 Geographical concepts and skills 226

8.3 SkillBuilder: Reading contour lines on a map 234

8.4 SkillBuilder: Drawing simple cross-sections 237

8.5 SkillBuilder: Constructing a field sketch 242

8.6 SkillBuilder: Drawing a précis map 246

8.7 SkillBuilder: Reading and describing basic choropleth maps

8.8 SkillBuilder: Comparing populationpyramids

8.9 SkillBuilder: Creating and reading compound bar graphs

8.10 SkillBuilder: Recognising land features

8.11 SkillBuilder: Using latitude and longitude

8.12 SkillBuilder: Calculating distance using scale

8.13 SkillBuilder: Interpreting an aerial photo

8.14 SkillBuilder: Understanding thematic maps

8.15 SkillBuilder: Drawing a line graph using Excel

8.16 SkillBuilder: Using positional language

8.17 SkillBuilder: Creating and describing complex overlay maps

8.18 SkillBuilder: Creating and reading pictographs

8.19 SkillBuilder: Describing photographs

8.20 SkillBuilder: Constructing a basic sketch map

8.21 Review 255

9 Landforms, landscapes and hazards 259

9.1 Overview 260

9.2 Different types of landscapes 262

9.3 Coastal landscapes - the role of erosion and deposition 267

9.4 Rivers shaping landscapes 273

9.5 Australian landforms 278

9.6 Rainforests, grasslands and deserts 285

9.7 Underground landscapes 293

9.8 The cultural and spiritual significance of landscapes 297

9.9 Plate tectonics 303

9.10 Earthquakes and tsunamis 307

9.11 Volcanoes 313

9.12 Investigating topographic maps - Mount Taranaki, New Zealand 320

9.13 Inquiry: Supervolcano report 324

9.14 Review 326

10 Changing nations 333

10.1 Overview 334

10.2 What is migration? 336

10.3 International migration to Australia 340

10.4 Internal migration in Australia 348

10.5 Inquiry: A migration story 352

10.6 Urbanisation in Australia 354

10.7 Urbanisation in Indonesia 359

10.8 Investigating topographic maps - Jakarta 364

10.9 Review 366

History

11 Historical concepts and skills 371

11.1 Overview 372

11.2 Historical concepts and skills 374

11.3 SkillBuilder: Historical questions 382

11.4 SkillBuilder: Chronology 384

11.5 SkillBuilder: Perspective 388

11.6 SkillBuilder: Using historical sources 393

11.7 SkillBuilder: Continuity and change

11.8 Review 396

12 Medieval Europe 399

12.1 Overview 400

12.2 How do we know about medieval Europe? 402

12.3 The key features of the feudal system 407

12.4 Life for people in the feudal system 411

12.5 Medieval castles 415

12.6 Warfare in the Middle Ages 418

12.7 The growth of towns 422

12.8 Crime and punishment in medieval times 426

12.9 The power and authority of the Church 431

12.10 The power of the written word 434

12.11 Inquiry: The Magna Carta 438

12.12 The changing relations between Islam, Christianity and Judaism 440

12.13 The Black Death 443

12.14 How did plague spread? 447

12.15 Responses to the Black Death 454

12.16 How did the Black Death change society? 459

12.17 From Medieval times to the Early Modern World 463

12.18 The Scientific Revolution and other changes 466

12.19 Inquiry: How does an event impact different societies? 470

12.20 Review 472

13 The Industrial Revolution 479

13.1 Overview 480

13.2 How do we know about the Industrial Revolution? 482

13.3 How did the Industrial Revolution begin and develop? 485

13.4 How did changes in agriculture result in changes in society? 491

13.5 Key developments and technology 498

13.6 Why coal and iron were so vital 506

13.7 The importance of investment 510

13.8 The impact of new transport 514

13.9 Working conditions in mines and factories 520

13.10 Treatment of the poor and unemployed 525

13.11 Working conditions for children 529

13.12 Social unrest, protests and riots 533

13.13 The Industrial Revolution and the slave trade 538

13.14 New ideas for society 546

13.15 Inquiry: What was it like to grow up in an industrial town? 553

13.16 Review 554

Glossary 559

Index 569