Jacaranda Humanities Alive 10 Victorian Curriculum Third Edition (learnON & Print)

Part of the series Humanities Alive Victorian Curriculum.

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Jacaranda Humanities Alive 10 Victorian Curriculum | Third Edition

Developed by expert Australian teachers for ALL students.

Every lesson in the new Jacaranda Humanities Alive series has been carefully designed to support teachers and to help students by sparking curiosity and engagement through discussion and Humanities skills activities.

Because both what and how students learn matter.

Learning is personal
Students: Access lessons tailored to your needs, with interactive content and support to help you progress confidently.
Teachers: Deliver engaging, differentiated lessons with built-in scaffolding and tools to support every learner.

Learning is effortful
Students: Challenge yourself, build confidence, and grow through purposeful practice on Australia’s leading platform.
Teachers: Encourage persistence with tasks that develop resilience and drive meaningful learning outcomes.

Learning is rewarding
Students: See your progress in real time, recognise your strengths, and focus on where to improve.
Teachers: Use rich analytics to track growth and target support exactly where and when it’s needed.

Table of Contents

Meet our author team vii

About This Resource ix

Acknowledgements xvi

Understanding cognitive verbs

History

1 Historical concepts and skills 1

1.1 Overview 2

1.2 Historical concepts and skills 4

1.3 SkillBuilder: Historical questions

1.4 SkillBuilder: Chronology

1.5 SkillBuilder: Using historical sources

1.6 SkillBuilder: Continuity and change

1.7 SkillBuilder: Causes and consequences

1.8 SkillBuilder: Historical significance

1.9 SkillBuilder: Communicating

1.10 Review 16

2 Australians at war: World War II 19

2.1 Overview 20

2.2 What do sources tell us about World War II? 22

2.3 What caused World War II? 26

2.4 How was Japan involved? 32

2.5 Where did Australians fight up to 1942? 37

2.6 Why did Australians fight on the Kokoda Track? 42

2.7 How did Japan change the war for Australia? 46

2.8 What were the experiences of Australian POWs? 51

2.9 What were the causes and impacts of the Holocaust? 56

2.10 What was the war like on the Australian home front? 61

2.11 How did Australian women contribute to the war effort? 67

2.12 How did the war end and what was its lasting significance? 73

2.13 How were Australia’s international relations changed by the war? 77

2.14 Inquiry: Honouring Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians’ World War ii service 81

2.15 Review 83

3 Rights and freedoms (1945 to present) 89

3.1 Overview 90

3.2 What do sources tell us about rights and freedoms? 92

3.3 How did the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples’ protest movement begin? 96

3.4 What did the members of the Stolen Generations experience? 101

3.5 Who were the significant individuals in the world’s civil rights movements? 106

3.6 What impact did the Freedom Ride have in Australia? 112

3.7 What was the significance of the 1967 Referendum? 116

3.8 What have the Torres Strait Islanders experienced during their fight for freedom? 121

3.9 Why was the Aboriginal Embassy significant? 127

3.10 How are land rights and protests crucial in the struggle for rights and freedoms? 131

3.11 Why is the journey to reconciliation complex? 138

3.12 Why is the fight for equity still going? 144

3.13 How are Indigenous Peoples recognised around the world? 152

3.14 How have women influenced Australian politics? 159

3.15 How has the status of Australian women changed? 165

3.16 How far have we come for the women’s rights movement? 171

3.17 Inquiry: Comparing perspectives of Australian history 176

3.18 Review 178

4 Popular culture and environment movement 187

4.1 Overview 188

4.2 What do sources tell us about the modern world? 190

4.3 How did Australian society change after World War II? 193

4.4 How did sport impact Australian society after World War II? 199

4.5 How did music impact Australian society after World War II? 204

4.6 How did television and film impact Australian society after World War II? 209

4.7 How have standards of living changed since 1945? 214

4.8 What were the origins of the environmental movement? 218

4.9 How do we respond to climate change? 227

4.10 Inquiry: How have teenagers’ perspectives changed? 233

4.11 Review 235

5 Migration experiences 241

5.1 Overview 242

5.2 How did Australia’s immigration policies change during the twentieth century? 244

5.3 What were the experiences of migrants in Australia? 249

5.4 How has Australia’s immigration policy continued to evolve? 254

5.5 How are asylum seekers and refugees treated in Australia? 261

5.6 What is immigration like in Australia today? 266

5.7 Inquiry: How has the government shaped immigration? 269

5.8 Review 273

6 Political crisis and conflict 277

6.1 Overview 278

6.2 Examining the evidence 280

6.3 What was the Cold War in Asia? 283

6.4 Anti-communism in Australia and the US 289

6.5 Why was there a war in Vietnam? 294

6.6 Vietnam and Australian politics 302

6.7 ‘It’s time’ - the Whitlam victory in 1972 310

6.8 The Whitlam dismissal, 1975 315

6.9 The Whitlam legacy 322

6.10 Review 327

Geography

7 Geographical concepts and skills 333

7.1 Overview 334

7.2 Geographical concepts and skills 336

7.3 SkillBuilder: Geographical inquiry

7.4 SkillBuilder: Concluding and decision-making

7.5 SkillBuilder: Communicating

7.6 SkillBuilder: Reading topographic maps at an advanced level

7.7 SkillBuilder: Comparing an aerial photograph with a topographic map

7.8 SkillBuilder: Using geographic imaging systems

7.9 SkillBuilder: Constructing and interpreting a scattergraph

7.10 SkillBuilder: Using multiple data formats

7.11 SkillBuilder: Constructing and describing complex choropleth maps

7.12 SkillBuilder: Comparing aerial photographs to investigate spatial change over time

7.13 SkillBuilder: Building a map with GIS

7.14 Review 344

8 Land-based environmental change and management 347

8.1 Overview 348

8.2 How do we interact with the environment? 350

8.3 Why is our climate changing? 357

8.4 How do we tackle climate change? 363

8.5 Causes and effects of environmental change 368

8.6 What are the impacts of desertification and salinity? 378

8.7 What are the impacts of native and invasive species? 390

8.8 How do cities impact the environment? 400

8.9 Case studies in urban growth - Melbourne and Mumbai 404

8.10 What are the future challenges of sustainable urban environments? 412

8.11 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples’ approaches to custodial responsibility and environmental management 416

8.12 Investigating topographic maps: managing environmental change in the Parwan Valley 422

8.13 Inquiry: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples’ land practices 425

8.14 Review 427

9 Water-based environmental change and management 435

9.1 Overview 436

9.2 How are coasts changing? 438

9.3 What are the challenges to coastal environments? 447

9.4 How do we manage coastal change? 455

9.5 Investigating topographic maps: Consequences of coastal change in Merimbula 461

9.6 What is special about marine environments? 463

9.7 How does debris change marine environments? 469

9.8 What strategies are in place to deal with marine litter? 474

9.9 What is inland water? 482

9.10 Why do we dam rivers and divert water? 486

9.11 How do we use wetlands? 491

9.12 Investigating topographic maps: Wetlands along the Murray River 500

9.13 Inquiry: What are the threats to the Great Barrier Reef? 502

9.14 Review 504

10 Measuring and improving wellbeing 509

10.1 Overview 510

10.2 What is human wellbeing? 512

10.3 How is development and wellbeing measured? 518

10.4 How are life expectancy and wellbeing connected? 522

10.5 How does poverty affect wellbeing? 530

10.6 How can we improve human wellbeing in India? 537

10.7 How does wellbeing vary in Australia? 543

10.8 Investigating topographic maps: Improving wellbeing in Cumborah 550

10.9 Inquiry: Improving wellbeing in a low-HDI-ranked country 552

10.10 Review 554

11 Global responses to human wellbeing 559

11.1 Overview 560

11.2 The United Nations and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 562

11.3 The United Nations health campaigns 568

11.4 The United Nations and human rights 573

11.5 The United Nations and refugees 578

11.6 How does the Australian government support human wellbeing? 582

11.7 What is the role of non-government organisations in improving human wellbeing? 587

11.8 Investigating topographic maps: Spatial variations in wellbeing in Tokyo, Japan 591

11.9 Inquiry: What are the global responses to human wellbeing? 593

11.10 Review 595

Civics and Citizenship

12 Civics and Citizenship concepts and skills 601

12.1 Overview 602

12.2 Civics and Citizenship concepts and skills 604

12.3 SkillBuilder: Investigating contemporary Civics and Citizenship issues

12.4 SkillBuilder: Evaluating democratic institutions and systems

12.5 SkillBuilder: Participating in civic processes

12.6 SkillBuilder: Communicating

12.7 Review 608

13 Government and democracy 611

13.1 Overview 612

13.2 What are the key features of Australia’s system of government? 614

13.3 What are the key features of India’s system of government? 621

13.4 What are the key features of Indonesia’s system of government? 625

13.5 What are the key features of China’s system of government? 631

13.6 How does Australia act as a regional and global citizen? 635

13.7 What are Australia’s roles and responsibilities as part of the United Nations? 640

13.8 How does Australia play a role in international peacekeeping and global regional issues? 647

13.9 Inquiry: Report card - Australia’s response as a global citizen 653

13.10 Review 655

14 Laws and citizens 661

14.1 Overview 662

14.2 Australia’s obligations under international law 664

14.3 International treaties, conventions and declarations 668

14.4 Australia’s obligations to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples through international law 674

14.5 Australia’s legal obligations to the environment 682

14.6 Inquiry: Treaty 688

14.7 Review 690

15 Citizenship, diversity and identity 695

15.1 Overview 696

15.2 What are the elements of a cohesive society? 698

15.3 What threatens social cohesion? 702

15.4 What threatens democratic societies globally? 708

15.5 How can we resolve conflict? 712

15.6 Inquiry: What is inclusiveness? 716

15.7 Review 717

Economics and Business

16 Economics and Business concepts and skills 721

16.1 Overview 722

16.2 Economics and Business concepts and skills 724

16.3 SkillBuilder: Investigating

16.4 SkillBuilder: Interpreting and analysing data

16.5 SkillBuilder: Evaluating, concluding and decision-making

16.6 SkillBuilder: Communicating

16.7 Review 733

17 Economic performance and living standards 737

17.1 Overview 738

17.2 How does Australia perform economically? 740

17.3 What are the trends in employment in Australia? 745

17.4 What is the level of inflation in Australia? 750

17.5 What do the sustainability indices tell us? 755

17.6 What are Australia’s living standards like? 761

17.7 What are macroeconomic policy options? 766

17.8 How does the government intervene in markets? 773

17.9 Inquiry: How does Australia measure up? 778

17.10 Review 779

18 Business and entrepreneurship 783

18.1 Overview 784

18.2 What influences consumer decision-making? 786

18.3 Why is innovation important to businesses? 791

18.4 How does entrepreneurship improve business operations? 795

18.5 How do entrepreneurs respond to changing economic conditions? 800

18.6 What is human resource management? 805

18.7 What is the role of trade unions and employer groups in a workplace? 810

18.8 Inquiry: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander entrepreneurs and business practices 815

18.9 Review 817

Glossary 821

Index 834